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- Agile Manufacturing
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- The Cryocar
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- Friction Stir Welding
- Fuel Energizer
- hemi engines
- HOVER CRAFT
- Infrared Curing and Convection Curing
- Just In Time Manufacturing
- LEAN MANUFACTURING
- MEMS for Space
- Methanol Fueled Marine Diesel Engine
- Mine Detection Using Radar Bullets
- OEE
- Personal Protection
- Vacuum Braking System
- QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT
- Quality improvement tool “poka yoke”
- Quasi turbine
- Robots In Radioactive Environments
- Running Gearing
- Selective Laser Sintering
- Sidewinder Missile
- Smart Materials and It’s Applications
- SOLAR POWERED VECHICLES
- Solar Sails
- Space Elevator
- Supercavitation
- Predictive Maintenance using Thermal Imaging
- TRANSIT MIXER AND CONCRETE PUMP
- TURBOFAN ENGINES
- Two Stroke Engine Using Reed Valves
- Ultrasonic Metal Welding
- Ultrasonic Techniques for hidden corrosion detecti...
- Variable Valve Timing In I.C. Engines
Tuesday, July 29, 2008
Seminar Topics List
Variable Valve Timing In I.C. Engines
ABSTRACT
VALVE TIMING (VT) is one of the most important aspects of consideration in the design of an automobile engine. Simply defined, it is the timing, or regulation of the opening and closing of the valves. In simpler terms, it is the way an engine ‘breathes’.
In an I.C.engine, usually the inlet valves open a few degrees (of crank angle) prior to TDC, and close after BDC. Similarly, the exhaust valves open a few degrees before BDC and close a few degrees after TDC. This is done to maximise:
Intake of air/air-fuel mixture; and
Scavenging, i.e. the exhaust of burnt gases.
Until recently, most engines around the world utilised ordinary or static VT, where the parameters of valve opening, lift, and closing (VO, VL and VC) were fixed. This was satisfactory at normal engine speeds, but posed problems at high and low speeds. Since the VT did not vary with speed, the additional requirements that arose at the extreme speeds could not be met with static VT. For example, at high speeds, the engine requires greater amounts of air. This implies that the IV should remain open for a longer period of time. This, though beneficial at high speeds, would be a menace at low speeds as it may lead to exhaust of unburnt fuel, which results in fuel wastage, increased emissions and lower performance.
This is where variable valve timing (VVT) comes into play. As the name suggests, the timing of the valves is not fixed, but varies, as per the demands of the situations. Therefore, the extra demands of the engine can be met, which in turn, results in improved engine performance.
VALVE TIMING (VT) is one of the most important aspects of consideration in the design of an automobile engine. Simply defined, it is the timing, or regulation of the opening and closing of the valves. In simpler terms, it is the way an engine ‘breathes’.
In an I.C.engine, usually the inlet valves open a few degrees (of crank angle) prior to TDC, and close after BDC. Similarly, the exhaust valves open a few degrees before BDC and close a few degrees after TDC. This is done to maximise:
Intake of air/air-fuel mixture; and
Scavenging, i.e. the exhaust of burnt gases.
Until recently, most engines around the world utilised ordinary or static VT, where the parameters of valve opening, lift, and closing (VO, VL and VC) were fixed. This was satisfactory at normal engine speeds, but posed problems at high and low speeds. Since the VT did not vary with speed, the additional requirements that arose at the extreme speeds could not be met with static VT. For example, at high speeds, the engine requires greater amounts of air. This implies that the IV should remain open for a longer period of time. This, though beneficial at high speeds, would be a menace at low speeds as it may lead to exhaust of unburnt fuel, which results in fuel wastage, increased emissions and lower performance.
This is where variable valve timing (VVT) comes into play. As the name suggests, the timing of the valves is not fixed, but varies, as per the demands of the situations. Therefore, the extra demands of the engine can be met, which in turn, results in improved engine performance.
Ultrasonic Techniques for hidden corrosion detection
ABSTRACT
Detection of corrosion damage in aircraft wing skin structures is an ongoing NDT challenge. Ultrasonic methods are known and well-accepted techniques, which are relatively simple to carry out in terms of setup, probes and instrumentation and operator training. However, with conventional inspection from the top surface using a transducer at normal incidence (0o to the normal to the surface) producing a visual picture in the form of a C-scan, it is very time consuming to point-by-point inspects large aircraft wing skin areas. In addition it is too difficult to detect disbonds in thin multilayered and fatigue cracks in the shadow region at fastener holes in airframe structures where water and humidity then are infiltrated to create corrosion and exfoliation around and under the rivets. Ultrasonic guided waves demonstrate potential as promising, global and fast inspection method. It can be used to compliment and in some cases, be an alternative to conventional ultrasonic C-scan inspection method.
Detection of corrosion damage in aircraft wing skin structures is an ongoing NDT challenge. Ultrasonic methods are known and well-accepted techniques, which are relatively simple to carry out in terms of setup, probes and instrumentation and operator training. However, with conventional inspection from the top surface using a transducer at normal incidence (0o to the normal to the surface) producing a visual picture in the form of a C-scan, it is very time consuming to point-by-point inspects large aircraft wing skin areas. In addition it is too difficult to detect disbonds in thin multilayered and fatigue cracks in the shadow region at fastener holes in airframe structures where water and humidity then are infiltrated to create corrosion and exfoliation around and under the rivets. Ultrasonic guided waves demonstrate potential as promising, global and fast inspection method. It can be used to compliment and in some cases, be an alternative to conventional ultrasonic C-scan inspection method.
Ultrasonic Metal Welding
ABSTRACT
Ultrasonic metal welding is a solid state welding process, and here ultrasonic vibrating motion is used to join two materials. The two work pieces are held in between the anvil and sonotrode. The work piece on the anvil is hold stationary while the other part is moved to and fro due to the vibrating effect of the sonotrode. This movement the oxide disperses layer in between them and atoms of the work pieces are diffused from one part to another. When vibration is stopped a pure metallurgical bond is obtained.
Ultrasonic metal welding is a solid state welding process, and here ultrasonic vibrating motion is used to join two materials. The two work pieces are held in between the anvil and sonotrode. The work piece on the anvil is hold stationary while the other part is moved to and fro due to the vibrating effect of the sonotrode. This movement the oxide disperses layer in between them and atoms of the work pieces are diffused from one part to another. When vibration is stopped a pure metallurgical bond is obtained.
Two Stroke Engine Using Reed Valves
ABSTRACT
Fresh charge loss during the scavenging process of a two stroke S.I engine is known to be the principal reason for its high specific fuel consumption and high hydrocarbon emission. In order to minimize the fresh charge loss to the exhaust a new scavenging system had been developed. To achieve better performance from this scavenging system, control of air flow through reed valve is necessary, since it will affect the mixture quality of the trapped charge. In this paper, improved performance and reduction in exhaust emissions are reported by optimizing the amount of atmospheric air entering through the reed valves in a small capacity, two stroke S.I engine.
Fresh charge loss during the scavenging process of a two stroke S.I engine is known to be the principal reason for its high specific fuel consumption and high hydrocarbon emission. In order to minimize the fresh charge loss to the exhaust a new scavenging system had been developed. To achieve better performance from this scavenging system, control of air flow through reed valve is necessary, since it will affect the mixture quality of the trapped charge. In this paper, improved performance and reduction in exhaust emissions are reported by optimizing the amount of atmospheric air entering through the reed valves in a small capacity, two stroke S.I engine.
TURBOFAN ENGINES
INTRODUCTION
Jet Propulsion is the thrust imparting forward motion to an object, as a reaction to the rearward expulsion of a high-velocity liquid or gaseous stream.
A simple example of jet propulsion is the motion of an inflated balloon when the air is suddenly discharged. While the opening is held closed, the air pressure within the balloon is equal in all directions; when the stem is released, the internal pressure is less at the open end than at the opposite end, causing the balloon to dart forward. Not the pressure of the escaping air pushing against the outside atmosphere but the difference between high and low pressures inside the balloon propels it.
An actual jet engine does not operate quite as simply as a balloon, although the basic principle is the same. More important than pressure imbalance is the acceleration due to high velocities of the jet leaving the engine. This is achieved by forces in the engine that enable the gas to flow backward forming the jet. Newton's second law shows that these forces are proportional to the rate at which the momentum of the gas is increased. For a jet engine, this is related to the rate of mass flow multiplied by the rearward-leaving jet velocity. Newton's third law, which states that every force must have an equal and opposite reaction, shows that the rearward force is balanced by a forward reaction, known as thrust. This thrusting action is similar to the recoil of a gun, which increases as both the mass of the projectile and its muzzle velocity are increased. High-thrust engines, therefore, require both large rates of mass flow and high jet-exit velocities, which
can only be achieved by increasing internal engine pressures and by increasing the volume of the gas by means of combustion.
Jet-propulsion devices are used primarily in high-speed, high-altitude aircraft, in missiles, and in spacecraft. The source of power is a high-energy fuel that is burned at intense pressures to produce the large gas volume needed for high jet-exit velocities. The oxidizer required for the combustion may be the oxygen in the air that is drawn into the engine and compressed, or the oxidizer may be carried in the vehicle, so that the engine is independent of a surrounding atmosphere. Engines that depend on the atmosphere for oxygen include turbojets, turbofans, turboprops, ramjets, and pulse jets. Non-atmospheric engines are usually called rocket engines.
Jet Propulsion is the thrust imparting forward motion to an object, as a reaction to the rearward expulsion of a high-velocity liquid or gaseous stream.
A simple example of jet propulsion is the motion of an inflated balloon when the air is suddenly discharged. While the opening is held closed, the air pressure within the balloon is equal in all directions; when the stem is released, the internal pressure is less at the open end than at the opposite end, causing the balloon to dart forward. Not the pressure of the escaping air pushing against the outside atmosphere but the difference between high and low pressures inside the balloon propels it.
An actual jet engine does not operate quite as simply as a balloon, although the basic principle is the same. More important than pressure imbalance is the acceleration due to high velocities of the jet leaving the engine. This is achieved by forces in the engine that enable the gas to flow backward forming the jet. Newton's second law shows that these forces are proportional to the rate at which the momentum of the gas is increased. For a jet engine, this is related to the rate of mass flow multiplied by the rearward-leaving jet velocity. Newton's third law, which states that every force must have an equal and opposite reaction, shows that the rearward force is balanced by a forward reaction, known as thrust. This thrusting action is similar to the recoil of a gun, which increases as both the mass of the projectile and its muzzle velocity are increased. High-thrust engines, therefore, require both large rates of mass flow and high jet-exit velocities, which
can only be achieved by increasing internal engine pressures and by increasing the volume of the gas by means of combustion.
Jet-propulsion devices are used primarily in high-speed, high-altitude aircraft, in missiles, and in spacecraft. The source of power is a high-energy fuel that is burned at intense pressures to produce the large gas volume needed for high jet-exit velocities. The oxidizer required for the combustion may be the oxygen in the air that is drawn into the engine and compressed, or the oxidizer may be carried in the vehicle, so that the engine is independent of a surrounding atmosphere. Engines that depend on the atmosphere for oxygen include turbojets, turbofans, turboprops, ramjets, and pulse jets. Non-atmospheric engines are usually called rocket engines.
TRANSIT MIXER AND CONCRETE PUMP
ABSTRACT
Ready mix concrete is a revolutionary product, which metamorphosed the entire construction industry. It is a factory made, quality product.
The advanced state-of-the art of technology means, play of machineries for the fruit full production of RMC. The transit mixer and concrete pump – the delivery units of RMC.
The transit mixer that ensure timely deliver of concrete of same workability and quality at worksite.
The concrete pump is used to deliver the concrete at desired place as per requirements.
Ready mix concrete is a revolutionary product, which metamorphosed the entire construction industry. It is a factory made, quality product.
The advanced state-of-the art of technology means, play of machineries for the fruit full production of RMC. The transit mixer and concrete pump – the delivery units of RMC.
The transit mixer that ensure timely deliver of concrete of same workability and quality at worksite.
The concrete pump is used to deliver the concrete at desired place as per requirements.
Predictive Maintenance using Thermal Imaging
ABSTRACT
Prevention of failures in production plants is one of the main objectives of an industry. Cost incurred in maintenance procedures forms a lion share of the expenditures of an industry. So it is essential to reduce this maintenance costs. Preventive maintenance was the key word till the late 1970’s. Today we have the predictive maintenance. With this procedure we are actually predicting a failure before a failure actually occurs. Thermal imaging, which is a technique of producing a thermal graph of the temperature rise caused in plant equipment due to the failures caused mainly due to faulty connections, leaks etc. has now been the most innovative technique for this purpose. Thermal imaging finds vast applications. In this seminar in addition to the procedures for predictive maintenance made in production plant various other applications of thermal imaging are also discussed.
Prevention of failures in production plants is one of the main objectives of an industry. Cost incurred in maintenance procedures forms a lion share of the expenditures of an industry. So it is essential to reduce this maintenance costs. Preventive maintenance was the key word till the late 1970’s. Today we have the predictive maintenance. With this procedure we are actually predicting a failure before a failure actually occurs. Thermal imaging, which is a technique of producing a thermal graph of the temperature rise caused in plant equipment due to the failures caused mainly due to faulty connections, leaks etc. has now been the most innovative technique for this purpose. Thermal imaging finds vast applications. In this seminar in addition to the procedures for predictive maintenance made in production plant various other applications of thermal imaging are also discussed.
Supercavitation
ABSTRACT
The human being has crossed the sound barrier in air and land, what about underwater? Water is the most challenging environment for an Engineer. Supersonic under Water Travel is the dream of scientists working on a bizarre technology called SUPERCAVITATION. This report is a paper presentation on supersonic under-water propulsion technique. For now supercavitation is largely concentrated around military developments and applications. But far from now this simple cavitating theory could bring us the ultimate fighting machines like supersonic subfighters, massive subfighter carriers, supersonic fighters etc.
The human being has crossed the sound barrier in air and land, what about underwater? Water is the most challenging environment for an Engineer. Supersonic under Water Travel is the dream of scientists working on a bizarre technology called SUPERCAVITATION. This report is a paper presentation on supersonic under-water propulsion technique. For now supercavitation is largely concentrated around military developments and applications. But far from now this simple cavitating theory could bring us the ultimate fighting machines like supersonic subfighters, massive subfighter carriers, supersonic fighters etc.
Space Elevator
ABSTRACT
Experts agree that the biggest drain of energy takes place when a vehicle blasts off, pushing through Earth’s gravitational pull requires great amounts of fuel, but once they get out of our atmosphere, the rest is easy. If you could cut out that “blast off” portion, space travel would be easier and much more fuel-efficient. We have seen the different concepts involved for the success of this idea. If this concept comes to light soon, its going to prove very fuel efficient and going to be very cost effective. Here we look into the various advantages and disadvantages involved. We also take the Economical point of view also into consideration.
Experts agree that the biggest drain of energy takes place when a vehicle blasts off, pushing through Earth’s gravitational pull requires great amounts of fuel, but once they get out of our atmosphere, the rest is easy. If you could cut out that “blast off” portion, space travel would be easier and much more fuel-efficient. We have seen the different concepts involved for the success of this idea. If this concept comes to light soon, its going to prove very fuel efficient and going to be very cost effective. Here we look into the various advantages and disadvantages involved. We also take the Economical point of view also into consideration.
Solar Sails
ABSTRACT
Hundreds of space missions have been launched since the last lunar mission, including several deep space probes that have been sent to the edges of our solar system. However, our journeys to space have been limited by the power of chemical rocket engines and the amount of rocket fuel that a spacecraft can carry. Today, the weight of a space shuttle at launch is approximately 95 percent fuel. What could we accomplish if we could reduce our need for so much fuel and the tanks that hold it?
International space agencies and some private corporations have proposed many methods of transportation that would allow us to go farther, but a manned space mission has yet to go beyond the moon. The most realistic of these new space transportation options calls for the elimination of both rocket fuel and engines altogether. The world space powers like NASA, ESA, RSA, etc... Is studying an amazing technology called solar sails that will use the sun's power to send us to other worlds!
‘Fundamentally the concept behind the solar sail is to use a large reflective surface to provide propulsion for a spacecraft through the use of sunlight pressure for the motive force’
Here in this context I shall purposes to explain about solar sailing, and how the idea of solar sailing developed, how close this space agency is to implementing this technology and how far and fast solar sails might take us in the universe!
Hundreds of space missions have been launched since the last lunar mission, including several deep space probes that have been sent to the edges of our solar system. However, our journeys to space have been limited by the power of chemical rocket engines and the amount of rocket fuel that a spacecraft can carry. Today, the weight of a space shuttle at launch is approximately 95 percent fuel. What could we accomplish if we could reduce our need for so much fuel and the tanks that hold it?
International space agencies and some private corporations have proposed many methods of transportation that would allow us to go farther, but a manned space mission has yet to go beyond the moon. The most realistic of these new space transportation options calls for the elimination of both rocket fuel and engines altogether. The world space powers like NASA, ESA, RSA, etc... Is studying an amazing technology called solar sails that will use the sun's power to send us to other worlds!
‘Fundamentally the concept behind the solar sail is to use a large reflective surface to provide propulsion for a spacecraft through the use of sunlight pressure for the motive force’
Here in this context I shall purposes to explain about solar sailing, and how the idea of solar sailing developed, how close this space agency is to implementing this technology and how far and fast solar sails might take us in the universe!
SOLAR POWERED VECHICLES
ABSTRACT
The present seminar deals with the explanation of the advantages & necessity of solar power in the present world through solar powered vehicles. Solar-powered vehicles (SPVs), such as cars, boats, bicycles, and even airplanes, use solar energy to either power an electric motor directly, and/or use solar energy to charge a battery, which powers the motor. They use an array of solar photovoltaic (PV) cells (or modules made of cells) that convert sunlight into electricity. The electricity either goes directly to an electric motor powering the vehicle, or to a special storage battery. The PV array can be built (integrated) onto the vehicle body itself, or fixed on a building or a vehicle shelter to charge an electric vehicle (EV) battery when it is parked. Other types of renewable energy sources, such as wind energy or hydropower, can also produce electricity cleanly to charge EV batteries.
The present seminar deals with the explanation of the advantages & necessity of solar power in the present world through solar powered vehicles. Solar-powered vehicles (SPVs), such as cars, boats, bicycles, and even airplanes, use solar energy to either power an electric motor directly, and/or use solar energy to charge a battery, which powers the motor. They use an array of solar photovoltaic (PV) cells (or modules made of cells) that convert sunlight into electricity. The electricity either goes directly to an electric motor powering the vehicle, or to a special storage battery. The PV array can be built (integrated) onto the vehicle body itself, or fixed on a building or a vehicle shelter to charge an electric vehicle (EV) battery when it is parked. Other types of renewable energy sources, such as wind energy or hydropower, can also produce electricity cleanly to charge EV batteries.
Smart Materials and It’s Applications
ABSTRACT
Smart or intelligent materials are materials that have the intrinsic and extrinsic capabilities, first, to respond to stimuli and environmental changes and, second, to activate their functions according to these changes. The stimuli could originate internally or externally. Since its beginnings, materials science has undergone a distinct evolution: from the use of inert structural materials to materials built for a particular function, to active or adaptive materials, and finally to smart materials with more acute recognition, discrimination and reaction capabilities. To encompass this last transformation, new materials and alloys have to satisfy a number of fundamental specifications. Smart materials can come in a variety of sizes, shapes, compounds, and functions. But what they all share— indeed what makes them “smart”—is their ability to adapt to changing conditions. Smart materials are the ultimate shape shifters. They can also alter their physical form, monitor their environment, and even diagnose their own internal conditions. They can also do all of this while intelligently interacting with the objects and people around them. The components of the smart materials revolution have been finding their way out of the labs and into industrial applications for the past decade.
Smart or intelligent materials are materials that have the intrinsic and extrinsic capabilities, first, to respond to stimuli and environmental changes and, second, to activate their functions according to these changes. The stimuli could originate internally or externally. Since its beginnings, materials science has undergone a distinct evolution: from the use of inert structural materials to materials built for a particular function, to active or adaptive materials, and finally to smart materials with more acute recognition, discrimination and reaction capabilities. To encompass this last transformation, new materials and alloys have to satisfy a number of fundamental specifications. Smart materials can come in a variety of sizes, shapes, compounds, and functions. But what they all share— indeed what makes them “smart”—is their ability to adapt to changing conditions. Smart materials are the ultimate shape shifters. They can also alter their physical form, monitor their environment, and even diagnose their own internal conditions. They can also do all of this while intelligently interacting with the objects and people around them. The components of the smart materials revolution have been finding their way out of the labs and into industrial applications for the past decade.
Sidewinder Missile
ABSTRACT
In the present age, a large effort is being made to prevent wars. But the lion’s share of any countries budget is devoted to defence various powerful weapons are used for eliminating the enemy planes, bunkers and tankers. Of this, the most commonly used and effective weapons are missiles. Unlike the old conventional missiles using radar technology which is expensive and problematic, a high level research and testing are going on for improving the accuracy and efficiency of weapons, maximum stress is given to prevent the failure keeping this in mind, an ingenious idea that came up was HEAT SEEKING MIISSILES. Side winder missiles are one such missile which was the heat sensing technology.
This seminar will provide an overview of the specification working, parts and advantages of side winder missiles.
In the present age, a large effort is being made to prevent wars. But the lion’s share of any countries budget is devoted to defence various powerful weapons are used for eliminating the enemy planes, bunkers and tankers. Of this, the most commonly used and effective weapons are missiles. Unlike the old conventional missiles using radar technology which is expensive and problematic, a high level research and testing are going on for improving the accuracy and efficiency of weapons, maximum stress is given to prevent the failure keeping this in mind, an ingenious idea that came up was HEAT SEEKING MIISSILES. Side winder missiles are one such missile which was the heat sensing technology.
This seminar will provide an overview of the specification working, parts and advantages of side winder missiles.
Selective Laser Sintering
ABSTRACT
Selective laser sintering (SLS) is technique by which parts are building layer by layer. The SLS is a free form fabrication method to create components by precise thermal fusing of powdered materials.
This is durable, economical and fast. The SLS is another form of rapid prototyping. This selective laser sintering (SLS) is one among the rapid prototyping which include stereo lithography (SLA). This method has also been extended to provide direct fabrication of metal and ceramic objects and tools. With this method we can make required and different prototype. This SLS can be used as a mass production prototyping.
Selective laser sintering (SLS) is technique by which parts are building layer by layer. The SLS is a free form fabrication method to create components by precise thermal fusing of powdered materials.
This is durable, economical and fast. The SLS is another form of rapid prototyping. This selective laser sintering (SLS) is one among the rapid prototyping which include stereo lithography (SLA). This method has also been extended to provide direct fabrication of metal and ceramic objects and tools. With this method we can make required and different prototype. This SLS can be used as a mass production prototyping.
Running Gearing
ABSTRACT
The engine with no crank shaft is temporarily known by a name called ‘running gearing’ engine. The technology of running gear can be applied to all formerly manufactured engines equipped with crank mechanism. This seminar deals with the arrangement and working of the engine and also its comparison with conventional type of engine. The comparison result shows that running gearing engine as much improved engine parameters than conventional crank engine.
The engine with no crank shaft is temporarily known by a name called ‘running gearing’ engine. The technology of running gear can be applied to all formerly manufactured engines equipped with crank mechanism. This seminar deals with the arrangement and working of the engine and also its comparison with conventional type of engine. The comparison result shows that running gearing engine as much improved engine parameters than conventional crank engine.
Robots In Radioactive Environments
ABSTRACT
Robots were developed to reduce the human work and increase the precision of work. Now, this can be applied to radioactive environment encountered in nuclear power plants. As human safety is of primary importance, so robots are taking over from human beings in radioactive environment.
Now different types of telerobots are used in the nuclear power plants which can access anywhere in the nuclear power plants, thus reducing human exposure. Apart from the high initial cost, it is cheaper than using professional workers in long run.
The future of robots used in radioactive environment is expected to reach a phase where the nuclear power plants can be made devoid of human beings. This would be possible only with the arrival of completely automatic fractal robots.
Robots were developed to reduce the human work and increase the precision of work. Now, this can be applied to radioactive environment encountered in nuclear power plants. As human safety is of primary importance, so robots are taking over from human beings in radioactive environment.
Now different types of telerobots are used in the nuclear power plants which can access anywhere in the nuclear power plants, thus reducing human exposure. Apart from the high initial cost, it is cheaper than using professional workers in long run.
The future of robots used in radioactive environment is expected to reach a phase where the nuclear power plants can be made devoid of human beings. This would be possible only with the arrival of completely automatic fractal robots.
Quasi turbine
ABSTRACT
While the most rotary engines use the principle of volume variations between a curve and moving cord of fixed length, this new engine concept uses a four-degree of freedom rotor inside an internal housing contour, and does not require a central shaft or support.
The invention is an assembly of four carriages supporting the pivots of four blades forming a variable shape rotor. This rotor rolls just like a roller bearing on the surface of an internal contour wall. During the rotation the rotor pivoting blades align alternatively in a lozenge and square configuration. All ports are radial in the housing and /or axial on the lateral side covers. Since he compression and expansion strokes start and end simultaneously, an ignition flame transfer slots is used to maintain a continuous combustion while four strokes are completed in every revolution. A central shaft is not required for the engine to operate, but can be added and driven by blades, through a mechanical arms coupling.
While the most rotary engines use the principle of volume variations between a curve and moving cord of fixed length, this new engine concept uses a four-degree of freedom rotor inside an internal housing contour, and does not require a central shaft or support.
The invention is an assembly of four carriages supporting the pivots of four blades forming a variable shape rotor. This rotor rolls just like a roller bearing on the surface of an internal contour wall. During the rotation the rotor pivoting blades align alternatively in a lozenge and square configuration. All ports are radial in the housing and /or axial on the lateral side covers. Since he compression and expansion strokes start and end simultaneously, an ignition flame transfer slots is used to maintain a continuous combustion while four strokes are completed in every revolution. A central shaft is not required for the engine to operate, but can be added and driven by blades, through a mechanical arms coupling.
Quality improvement tool “poka yoke”
ABSTRACT
The dictionary has many definitions for quality. A short definition, that is widely accepted is Quality is customer satisfaction. Quality is a relative term generally used with reference to the end use of the product. According to Edward Deming Quality should aim at customer need both present and future. The increasing need for quality resulted in formation of quality management systems (QMS) .When international organizations of standards (ISO) which comprises of National standard bodies of 95 countries put forward some quality standards for operation of quality management systems known as ISO standards. Latest ISO 9001 standards gives much importance of taking preventive actions in an organization to avoid problems related to non conformance and other unintentional mistakes . POKA YOKE or mistake proofing is quality improvement tool which avoids the occurrences of unintentional errors in a system. This concept was formulated by Dr. Shigeo Shingo, a famous Japanese manufacturing engineer. Shingo is well-known for his evolutionary work at Toyota and other Japanese companies, where he developed entire production systems focused on achieving zero defects in production.
The dictionary has many definitions for quality. A short definition, that is widely accepted is Quality is customer satisfaction. Quality is a relative term generally used with reference to the end use of the product. According to Edward Deming Quality should aim at customer need both present and future. The increasing need for quality resulted in formation of quality management systems (QMS) .When international organizations of standards (ISO) which comprises of National standard bodies of 95 countries put forward some quality standards for operation of quality management systems known as ISO standards. Latest ISO 9001 standards gives much importance of taking preventive actions in an organization to avoid problems related to non conformance and other unintentional mistakes . POKA YOKE or mistake proofing is quality improvement tool which avoids the occurrences of unintentional errors in a system. This concept was formulated by Dr. Shigeo Shingo, a famous Japanese manufacturing engineer. Shingo is well-known for his evolutionary work at Toyota and other Japanese companies, where he developed entire production systems focused on achieving zero defects in production.
QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT
ABSTRACT
The QFD analysis include identifying customer needs and expectations, determining how to meet them, defining quantified goals, and methodologies for identifying and resolving conflicting requirements. One of the advantages of QFD analysis is that it deploys the “voice of the customer”, and forces product development teams to focus on customer needs and expectations. As mentioned, the QFD is a relatively advanced concept, and is probably best employed when used in conjunction with other previously-implemented disciplines. Organizations that use QFD successfully prepare numerous matrices for the products concept development phase, detailed design work, and various phases of the products manufacture. The approach is the same focus on the customer’s needs and expectations, and develop everything else in a manner than optimally satisfies these needs and expectations. This seminar also includes case study on NOKIA, its observations, voice of the customer research, optimizing, planning, prioritizing, selecting the target customer and benefits.
The QFD analysis include identifying customer needs and expectations, determining how to meet them, defining quantified goals, and methodologies for identifying and resolving conflicting requirements. One of the advantages of QFD analysis is that it deploys the “voice of the customer”, and forces product development teams to focus on customer needs and expectations. As mentioned, the QFD is a relatively advanced concept, and is probably best employed when used in conjunction with other previously-implemented disciplines. Organizations that use QFD successfully prepare numerous matrices for the products concept development phase, detailed design work, and various phases of the products manufacture. The approach is the same focus on the customer’s needs and expectations, and develop everything else in a manner than optimally satisfies these needs and expectations. This seminar also includes case study on NOKIA, its observations, voice of the customer research, optimizing, planning, prioritizing, selecting the target customer and benefits.
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